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Charge and Discharge Principles of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Introduction to lithium-sulfur battery and lithium-sulfur electrolyte Published in 2026

February 16, 2026

Introduction to lithium-sulfur battery and lithium-sulfur electrolyte Source: WeChat Official Account “Learn Batteries Together” Lithium-sulfur battery (Li-S battery) is a type of lithium battery that uses sulfur as the positive electrode (elemental sulfur is abundant, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly) and metallic lithium as the negative electrode. Due to its high energy density and low-cost raw materials, it is considered a potential candidate for next-generation high-performance batteries. The electrolyte, as a crucial component of lithium-sulfur batteries, directly affects the battery’s performance and lifespan. Note: The positive electrode material of lithium-sulfur batteries is generally composed of sulfur and a highly conductive material (sulfur itself is non-conductive, so a conductive agent, and a

Capacity Fade

Analysis of Capacity Fade Mechanisms in Lithium-ion Batteries 2026

February 16, 2026

Degradation Factors Specific Mechanisms Key Data / Observations Mitigation Strategies Reference Cathode Failure Phase transition of layered structures (e.g., NCM) Capacity loss increases by 20% after 100 cycles at 4.6V Single-crystal cathodes; Surface coating (Li3PO4) Jung et al., 2017 Jahn-Teller distortion in LiMn2O4 6.5% volume expansion; crack density triples after 50 cycles Voltage window limitation (3.0-4.3V) Thackeray et al., 1998 Anode SEI Growth Thickening of SEI on graphite Interfacial impedance triples at 60 Celsius Film-forming additives (VC, FEC) Vetter et al., 2005 Volume expansion of silicon anodes 40% pulverization rate for 150nm Si particles after 50 cycles Nanosizing (under 50nm); Pre-lithiation Chan et al., 2008 Electrolyte Decomposition LiPF6 hydrolysis generating

SEI film

Why does an unstable SEI film always form during battery testing? 2026 Update

February 16, 2026

Why does an unstable SEI film always form during battery testing? SEI film, short for Solid electrolyte interphase, is an important concept in lithium-ion batteries. It is a composite film formed on the surface of the battery’s negative electrode material, and has the following characteristics: Electronic Insulator: The SEI film prevents electrons from transferring directly from the electrode to the electrolyte, thereby avoiding direct reactions between the electrode and the electrolyte. Ionic Conductor: Although the SEI film is insulating to electrons, it allows lithium ions (Li+) to pass through, enabling lithium ions to move between electrodes during the battery’s charging and discharging processes. Protective Layer: The SEI film acts as

SIB

Brief Overview of Sodium-Ion Battery (SIB) Material Research 2026

February 15, 2026

Brief Overview of Sodium-Ion Battery (SIB) Material Research I. Working Principle of Sodium-Ion Batteries (SIBs) Charge and Discharge Reactions: Negative Electrode (Anode): Typically Graphite (or Hard Carbon) Charging: Sodium ions extracted from the positive electrode are intercalated into the negative electrode graphite. Discharging: The sodium ions intercalated during charging are released and re-intercalated into the positive electrode, forming a complete current circuit.   II. Introduction to SIB Components 1. Cathode Materials of SIB Common cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries include Sodium Cobalt Oxide (NaCoO₂), Sodium Vanadium Phosphate (Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃), and Prussian Blue (NaFe[Fe(CN)₆]), among others. The cathode material is the key component for storing and releasing sodium ions within the battery.

Zinc Batteries

Optimizing Zinc Batteries: From Anode Materials to Performance Data Analysis 2026

February 15, 2026

Optimizing Zinc Batteries: From Anode Materials to Performance Data Analysis Source: WeChat Official Account “Learn Batteries Together” Research on Zinc Batteries Anodes Zinc Batteries Anodes: The construction of an artificial interface layer enables uniform Zn²+ deposition by providing spatial shielding and guiding homogeneous ionic diffusion. Spatial shielding utilizes the interface layer to physically block dendrite growth directly. Guiding uniform Zn²+ diffusion is achieved through mechanisms such as electrostatic interactions, chemical adsorption, and the construction of ion transport channels (ion tunnels). Artificial Interface Layer: Organic materials—specifically integrated thin films characterized by highly reversible shape changes and covalent bond cross-linking—serve as excellent candidates for artificial interface layers. The figure illustrates an all-in-one polyamide (PA)

The Impact of Temperature on Battery Testing 2026

February 14, 2026

Temperature has a significant impact on battery performance. A battery releases energy through electro-chemical reactions and these reactions are encouraged by higher ambient temperatures. Different battery chemistries have different ranges of optimal operating temperatures. Depending on the application or the climate that the battery will be used in, they would be required to operate in higher or lower temperatures.   However, operating batteries at extreme temperatures also comes with risks. At higher temperatures, there is a reduction in internal resistance, which means higher electron mobility and greater charge/discharge rates. Nevertheless, studies have also shown operating a battery at elevated temperatures speeds up degradation, diminishing the cell’s life cycle.   Continuous exposure to high temperatures can also cause unwanted

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